Bin Laden's views on pan-Islamism and anti-Americanism resulted in his expulsion from Saudi Arabia in 1992. In the Gulf War (1990–1991), Bin Laden's offer for support against Iraq was rebuked by the Saudi royal family, which instead sought American aid. He founded al-Qaeda in 1988 for worldwide jihad. In 1984, he co-founded Maktab al-Khidamat which recruited foreign mujahidin into the war. He studied at local universities until 1979, when he joined the Afghan mujahidin against the Soviet Union in the wake of the Afghan–Soviet War. Osama was born in Riyadh to the aristocratic bin Laden family. Ideologically a pan-Islamist, his group is designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, and various other countries. Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن, romanized: Usāma bin Muḥammad bin ʿAwaḍ bin Lādin 10 March 1957 – ) was a Saudi-born militant who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda from 1988 until his death.
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